The eyes are among the body’s most sensitive areas, and any injury—especially to the cornea—can have serious consequences if not properly treated. A scratched cornea, also known as a corneal abrasion, occurs when the clear, protective surface of the eye is scraped or torn by a foreign object. Common culprits include contact lenses, tree branches, glass fragments, or a stray fingernail.
Given the cornea’s high density of nerve endings, even a minor scratch can result in intense pain. But what’s more concerning is the potential long-term damage a scratched cornea can cause, particularly if left untreated or complications arise during healing.
What Are the Symptoms of a Scratched Cornea?
The symptoms of a corneal abrasion are usually immediate and include:
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A gritty or foreign body sensation
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Redness and excessive tearing
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Blurred vision
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Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
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Sharp pain or discomfort, especially when blinking
In many cases, only one eye is affected, making the condition easier to identify.
Common Causes of Corneal Abrasions
Scratched corneas are frequently caused by:
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Improper contact lens use (overwearing, sleeping in lenses, or poor hygiene)
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Trauma from fingernails or makeup applicators
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Outdoor debris such as sand or plant matter
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Accidental pokes or blows to the eye
Contact lens-related abrasions are particularly common and can increase the risk of infection if not addressed promptly.
How Does a Scratched Cornea Heal?
Most minor corneal abrasions heal within 24 to 48 hours without permanent damage, especially if the injury is superficial. Treatment typically includes:
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Lubricating or antibiotic eye drops to promote healing and prevent infection
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Anesthetic drops (administered in-office) to relieve pain
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Eye patches in select cases to limit eye movement and support recovery
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Avoidance of contact lenses for at least 24 hours post-injury
However, deeper abrasions or improperly treated injuries may take longer to heal and pose a higher risk of complications.
Can a Scratched Cornea Cause Long-Term Damage?
In most cases, superficial corneal abrasions do not cause permanent vision loss. However, there are exceptions. If the injury penetrates deeper layers of the cornea or is accompanied by infection, the risk of complications increases.
Potential long-term issues include:
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Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) – where the surface of the cornea fails to heal properly and becomes prone to repeat injuries
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Corneal scarring, which can cause blurred vision
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Infectious keratitis, particularly in contact lens wearers, which may result in permanent vision loss if untreated
To minimize long-term damage, avoid rubbing your eye and seek professional evaluation even if symptoms seem mild.
What Does the Latest Research Say?
Recent studies have underscored the importance of prompt treatment for corneal injuries. According to a 2023 review in The Ocular Surface, delays in managing corneal abrasions—particularly those involving contact lenses—are associated with a threefold increase in risk of microbial keratitis, a serious corneal infection that can cause irreversible damage.
Additionally, research published in Cornea journal (2024) has shown promise in regenerative therapies using amniotic membrane grafts for severe or non-healing abrasions, reducing the likelihood of corneal scarring and visual impairment.
When to See an Eye Doctor
While a scratched cornea might seem like a minor injury, it can have long-term consequences if not properly managed. Early symptoms—pain, redness, light sensitivity—should never be ignored. Even if the abrasion seems minor, an eye exam can rule out deeper damage and prevent complications.
You should seek immediate medical attention if you:
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Experience pain lasting more than 24 hours
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Notice worsening vision
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Develop eye discharge, swelling, or intense light sensitivity
Prompt evaluation and treatment can minimize the risk of long-term complications from a scratched cornea and ensure safe, complete healing.